Glossary of Medical Conditions

The following list is for informational purposes only. This list is not exhaustive and may not perfectly reflect the true prevalence of all diseases. This list may not accurately reflect the order of prevalence and is for general knowledge and informational purposes only and does not constitute medical advice.

For the most accurate and up-to-date information, please refer to reliable sources such as:

• Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)
• World Health Organization (WHO)
• National Institutes of Health (NIH)

1. Acne
   A common skin condition that occurs when hair follicles become clogged with oil and dead skin cells, leading to pimples, blackheads, and cysts. It often affects the face, chest, and back.
2. Allergies
   An immune system reaction to substances like pollen, pet dander, or certain foods, resulting in symptoms like sneezing, itching, rash, or swelling.
3. Alzheimer's Disease
   A progressive neurological disorder that leads to memory loss, cognitive decline, and changes in behavior. It is the most common cause of dementia in older adults.
4. Anemia
   A condition where the body lacks enough healthy red blood cells or hemoglobin, leading to fatigue, weakness, and shortness of breath. Common causes include iron deficiency and chronic diseases.
5. Andropause
   Often referred to as "male menopause," it is a decline in testosterone levels in aging men. Symptoms can include fatigue, reduced libido, depression, and decreased muscle mass.
6. Anxiety Disorders
   A group of mental health conditions characterized by excessive worry, fear, or nervousness that can interfere with daily activities. Types include generalized anxiety disorder, social anxiety, and panic disorder.
7. Appendicitis
   Inflammation of the appendix, often resulting in severe abdominal pain, nausea, and fever. If untreated, it can lead to rupture and serious complications.
8. Arthritis (Osteoarthritis)
   A degenerative joint disease caused by the breakdown of cartilage, leading to pain, stiffness, and swelling in the joints. Commonly affects knees, hips, and hands.
9. Asthma
   A chronic lung condition that causes airway inflammation and narrowing, leading to symptoms like wheezing, coughing, chest tightness, and shortness of breath.
10. Atrial Fibrillation
    An irregular and often rapid heart rhythm that can cause poor blood flow, increasing the risk of stroke, heart failure, and other complications. Symptoms may include palpitations and fatigue.
11. Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD)
    A range of neurodevelopmental conditions characterized by challenges in social interaction, communication, and repetitive behaviors. Symptoms and severity vary widely among individuals.

1. Back Pain
   A common condition that can range from mild discomfort to severe, chronic pain in the lower, middle, or upper back. Causes include muscle strain, herniated discs, and poor posture.
2. Bell's Palsy
   A sudden weakness or paralysis of the facial muscles on one side of the face, often caused by viral infections. Symptoms may include drooping of the mouth and eyelid.
3. Bipolar Disorder
   A mental health condition characterized by extreme mood swings, including emotional highs (mania or hypomania) and lows (depression). It can impact daily functioning and relationships.
4. Bladder Infection (UTI)
   An infection of the bladder, a type of urinary tract infection, causing symptoms such as frequent urination, pain during urination, and abdominal discomfort. More common in women.
5. Bronchitis
   Inflammation of the bronchial tubes that carry air to the lungs, often causing coughing, mucus production, chest discomfort, and shortness of breath. It can be acute or chronic.
6. Bunions
   A bony bump that forms at the base of the big toe, causing pain, swelling, and difficulty walking. Often results from wearing tight or ill-fitting shoes.
7. Bursitis
   Inflammation of the bursae, small fluid-filled sacs that cushion joints. Commonly occurs in the shoulder, elbow, or hip, causing pain and restricted movement.
8. Breast Cancer
   A type of cancer that develops in the cells of the breasts. Symptoms include lumps, changes in breast shape, and nipple discharge. Early detection improves treatment outcomes.
9. Bronchiectasis
   A chronic lung condition characterized by damaged and widened airways, leading to mucus buildup, coughing, and recurrent lung infections.
10. Burns
    Injury to the skin or deeper tissues caused by heat, chemicals, electricity, or radiation. Severity ranges from minor (first-degree) to life-threatening (third-degree or beyond).

1. Cancer (Various Types)
   A group of diseases characterized by the uncontrolled growth and spread of abnormal cells. Common types include breast, lung, prostate, and skin cancer. Symptoms and treatments vary based on the type and stage.
2. Carpal Tunnel Syndrome
   A condition caused by compression of the median nerve as it travels through the wrist, leading to pain, numbness, and tingling in the hand and fingers.
3. Cataracts
   A clouding of the lens in the eye, leading to blurry vision, difficulty with bright lights, and eventual vision loss if untreated. It is commonly age-related.
4. Celiac Disease
   An autoimmune disorder where ingestion of gluten (found in wheat, barley, and rye) damages the small intestine, leading to symptoms like diarrhea, bloating, and malnutrition.
5. Cerebral Palsy
   A group of disorders affecting movement, muscle tone, and posture, caused by damage to the developing brain before or during birth. Symptoms vary from mild to severe.
6. Cervical Cancer
   A type of cancer that begins in the cells of the cervix. It is often preventable with routine Pap tests and HPV vaccination. Early symptoms may include abnormal vaginal bleeding.
7. Chickenpox
   A contagious viral infection caused by the varicella-zoster virus, characterized by an itchy rash, fever, and fatigue. It is now preventable through vaccination.
8. Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (CFS)
   A complex disorder marked by extreme, long-lasting fatigue that isn’t improved by rest. Other symptoms may include joint pain, headaches, and memory issues. The exact cause is unknown.
9. Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)
   A progressive lung disease that makes it hard to breathe, often caused by smoking or long-term exposure to lung irritants. Includes conditions like emphysema and chronic bronchitis.
10. Crohn’s Disease
    A type of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) that causes chronic inflammation of the digestive tract. Symptoms include abdominal pain, diarrhea, fatigue, and weight loss.

1. Depression
   A common mental health disorder characterized by persistent feelings of sadness, loss of interest in activities, fatigue, and difficulty concentrating. It can interfere with daily life and relationships.
2. Diabetes (Type 1 and Type 2)
   A metabolic disorder that affects how the body processes blood sugar (glucose).

• Type 1: An autoimmune condition where the pancreas produces little or no insulin.
• Type 2: A condition where the body becomes resistant to insulin or doesn't produce enough insulin.

1. Dementia
   A group of cognitive disorders characterized by memory loss, impaired reasoning, and changes in behavior. Alzheimer’s disease is the most common cause of dementia.
2. Dermatitis
   An inflammation of the skin that causes redness, itching, and sometimes blisters. Types include atopic dermatitis (eczema), contact dermatitis, and seborrheic dermatitis.
3. Diverticulitis
   Inflammation or infection of small pouches (diverticula) that form in the walls of the colon. Symptoms include abdominal pain, fever, and changes in bowel habits.
4. Down Syndrome
   A genetic disorder caused by the presence of an extra copy of chromosome 21. It leads to developmental delays, intellectual disabilities, and characteristic physical features.
5. Dandruff
   A common scalp condition characterized by flaking skin and itching. It may be caused by dry skin, seborrheic dermatitis, or a yeast-like fungus.
6. Dry Eye Syndrome
   A condition where the eyes don’t produce enough tears or the tears evaporate too quickly, leading to discomfort, redness, and a gritty sensation in the eyes.
7. Dupuytren's Contracture
   A hand condition where the fingers, usually the ring and little fingers, gradually bend inward toward the palm due to thickening of connective tissue in the hand.
8. Dyslexia
   A learning disorder that primarily affects reading, writing, and spelling skills. It is not related to intelligence and often involves difficulty recognizing letters and words.

1. Eczema
   A chronic skin condition that causes red, itchy, and inflamed skin. It often occurs in cycles and is triggered by allergens, irritants, or stress. Atopic dermatitis is the most common type.
2. Emphysema
   A chronic lung condition where the air sacs (alveoli) in the lungs become damaged, reducing oxygen exchange. It is often part of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and linked to smoking.
3. Epilepsy
   A neurological disorder characterized by recurrent seizures caused by abnormal electrical activity in the brain. Symptoms and severity vary widely among individuals.
4. Erectile Dysfunction
   The inability to achieve or maintain an erection sufficient for sexual activity. It can be caused by physical, psychological, or lifestyle factors.
5. Endometriosis
   A condition where tissue similar to the lining of the uterus grows outside the uterus, causing pelvic pain, heavy periods, and potential fertility issues.
6. Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV)
   A member of the herpesvirus family, often responsible for mononucleosis ("mono"). It can cause fatigue, fever, sore throat, and swollen lymph nodes.
7. Esophageal Cancer
   A cancer that develops in the esophagus, often associated with chronic acid reflux, smoking, or heavy alcohol use. Symptoms include difficulty swallowing and weight loss.
8. Eye Infections
   Infections affecting the eye, such as conjunctivitis (pink eye), keratitis, or styes. Symptoms can include redness, swelling, pain, and discharge.
9. Eating Disorders
   A group of psychological conditions affecting eating habits, such as anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, and binge-eating disorder. They can lead to serious health complications.
10. Ear Infections
    Infections in the ear, often involving the middle ear (otitis media). Symptoms include ear pain, difficulty hearing, and fever, particularly in children.

1. Fibromyalgia
   A chronic condition characterized by widespread musculoskeletal pain, fatigue, sleep disturbances, and cognitive issues, often referred to as "fibro fog." The exact cause is unknown.
2. Flu (Influenza)
   A contagious respiratory illness caused by influenza viruses, leading to symptoms such as fever, chills, muscle aches, cough, sore throat, and fatigue.
3. Foot Fungus
   A fungal infection that commonly affects the skin on the feet, such as athlete's foot. Symptoms include itching, redness, scaling, and cracking skin.
4. Food Poisoning
   An illness caused by consuming contaminated food or drinks. Symptoms include nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and abdominal pain, often caused by bacteria like Salmonella or E. coli.
5. Fractures
   A break in a bone, which can range from a hairline crack to a complete break. Symptoms include pain, swelling, and inability to move the affected area.
6. Frostbite
   Damage to the skin and underlying tissues caused by prolonged exposure to freezing temperatures. Symptoms include numbness, discoloration, and blistering.
7. Folliculitis
   Inflammation of hair follicles, often caused by bacterial or fungal infections. Symptoms include red, itchy, or pus-filled bumps on the skin.
8. Fatty Liver Disease
   A condition where excess fat builds up in the liver, often due to alcohol consumption (alcoholic fatty liver) or obesity and poor diet (nonalcoholic fatty liver).
9. Fibroids (Uterine)
   Noncancerous growths in the uterus that can cause heavy menstrual bleeding, pelvic pain, and fertility problems. They are influenced by hormones like estrogen.
10. Fainting (Syncope)
    A temporary loss of consciousness caused by reduced blood flow to the brain, often triggered by dehydration, low blood pressure, or a sudden change in posture.

1. Gallstones
   Solid particles that form in the gallbladder, often composed of cholesterol. Symptoms may include abdominal pain, nausea, and bloating, especially after eating fatty foods.
2. Gastritis
   Inflammation of the stomach lining, often caused by infections, excessive alcohol use, or prolonged use of NSAIDs. Symptoms include stomach pain, nausea, and indigestion.
3. Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD)
   A chronic condition where stomach acid flows back into the esophagus, causing heartburn, chest pain, and difficulty swallowing.
4. Genital Herpes
   A sexually transmitted infection caused by the herpes simplex virus (HSV). It results in painful blisters or sores in the genital or anal area.
5. Glaucoma
   A group of eye conditions that damage the optic nerve, often due to increased pressure in the eye. It can lead to vision loss if untreated.
6. Gout
   A type of arthritis caused by a buildup of uric acid crystals in the joints, leading to sudden and severe pain, swelling, and redness, often in the big toe.
7. Guillain-Barré Syndrome
   A rare autoimmune disorder where the immune system attacks the nerves, causing weakness, tingling, and, in severe cases, paralysis.
8. Gum Disease
   Also known as periodontal disease, it involves inflammation and infection of the gums, often leading to gum recession, tooth loss, and bad breath.
9. Gestational Diabetes
   A type of diabetes that develops during pregnancy and can affect the health of both the mother and baby. It usually resolves after delivery but increases the risk of type 2 diabetes later.
10. Graves’ Disease
    An autoimmune disorder that causes overproduction of thyroid hormones (hyperthyroidism). Symptoms include weight loss, rapid heartbeat, and bulging eyes (exophthalmos).

1. Hair Loss (Alopecia)
   A condition where hair falls out from the scalp or other parts of the body. Causes include genetics, autoimmune diseases, stress, or hormonal changes.
2. Headaches (Including Migraines)
   Pain or discomfort in the head or neck region, ranging from mild to severe. Migraines are a specific type of headache often accompanied by nausea, light sensitivity, and throbbing pain.
3. Heart Disease
   A group of conditions affecting the heart, including coronary artery disease, heart attacks, and heart failure. Risk factors include high cholesterol, smoking, and hypertension.
4. Hemophilia
   A rare genetic disorder where the blood doesn’t clot properly, leading to prolonged bleeding after injuries or surgery.
5. Hepatitis (A, B, C)
   Inflammation of the liver, often caused by viral infections. Symptoms can include jaundice, fatigue, and abdominal pain. Types A, B, and C differ in transmission and severity.
6. Hernia
   A condition where an organ or tissue pushes through a weak spot in the surrounding muscle or connective tissue, often causing pain and a visible bulge.
7. High Blood Pressure (Hypertension)
   A condition where the force of blood against the artery walls is consistently too high, increasing the risk of heart disease, stroke, and kidney problems.
8. HIV/AIDS
   Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) attacks the immune system, leading to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) if untreated. Symptoms vary and include weight loss, fever, and fatigue.
9. Hives (Urticaria)
   Red, itchy welts on the skin caused by allergic reactions, infections, stress, or other triggers. Hives may appear and disappear suddenly.
10. Hypothyroidism
    A condition where the thyroid gland doesn’t produce enough thyroid hormones, leading to symptoms such as fatigue, weight gain, and cold sensitivity.
11. Hypogonadism A condition in which the body produces insufficient sex hormones (testosterone in men or estrogen in women), leading to symptoms such as reduced libido, fatigue, muscle weakness, infertility, and delayed puberty.

1. IBS (Irritable Bowel Syndrome)
   A chronic disorder affecting the large intestine, characterized by symptoms like abdominal pain, bloating, diarrhea, or constipation. Triggers often include stress and certain foods.
2. Impetigo
   A highly contagious bacterial skin infection, common in children, causing red sores that rupture, ooze, and form honey-colored crusts.
3. Infections (Various Types)
   Illnesses caused by bacteria, viruses, fungi, or parasites, affecting various parts of the body. Examples include respiratory infections, skin infections, and blood infections.
4. Infertility
   The inability to conceive after a year of unprotected intercourse. It can result from male or female factors such as low sperm count, hormonal imbalances, or ovulation disorders.
5. Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD)
   A group of chronic conditions, including Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis, causing inflammation in the digestive tract. Symptoms include abdominal pain, diarrhea, and weight loss.
6. Insomnia
   A sleep disorder characterized by difficulty falling or staying asleep, leading to fatigue, poor concentration, and irritability.
7. Interstitial Cystitis
   A chronic bladder condition causing pain, pressure, and frequent urination without evidence of infection. The exact cause is unknown.
8. Iron-Deficiency Anemia
   A common type of anemia caused by insufficient iron in the body, leading to fatigue, weakness, pale skin, and shortness of breath.
9. Ischemic Heart Disease
   Also known as coronary artery disease, it occurs when blood flow to the heart is reduced due to narrowed or blocked arteries, often leading to chest pain or heart attacks.
10. Influenza
    A viral respiratory infection commonly known as the flu, causing fever, cough, muscle aches, fatigue, and sore throat. It spreads easily and can be severe in vulnerable populations.

1. Kidney Stones
   Hard mineral and salt deposits that form in the kidneys and can cause severe pain, nausea, and blood in the urine as they pass through the urinary tract.
2. Keratosis Pilaris
   A common skin condition characterized by small, rough bumps on the skin, often on the upper arms, thighs, or cheeks. It is caused by keratin buildup in hair follicles.
3. Kawasaki Disease
   A rare condition in children that causes inflammation in blood vessels throughout the body. Symptoms include fever, rash, swollen lymph nodes, and red eyes.
4. Keratitis
   Inflammation of the cornea, often caused by infections, injuries, or contact lens misuse. Symptoms include redness, pain, blurred vision, and sensitivity to light.
5. Keloids
   Raised scars that grow excessively beyond the boundaries of the original wound, often resulting from injuries, surgery, or piercings. They can be itchy or painful.
6. Kidney Infection
   Also known as pyelonephritis, it is a serious urinary tract infection that spreads to the kidneys, causing fever, back pain, nausea, and frequent urination.
7. Kaposi’s Sarcoma
   A rare type of cancer that forms in the lining of blood and lymph vessels, often associated with weakened immune systems, such as in HIV/AIDS patients.
8. Kyphosis
   An excessive forward curvature of the spine, leading to a hunched back. It can result from poor posture, osteoporosis, or spinal deformities.
9. Knee Pain
   Discomfort or pain in the knee joint caused by injuries, arthritis, overuse, or conditions like meniscus tears and ligament sprains.
10. Krabbe Disease
    A rare genetic disorder that affects the nervous system by damaging the protective myelin sheath of nerve cells. Symptoms often appear in infancy and include muscle stiffness, developmental delays, and seizures.

1. Jaundice
   A condition characterized by yellowing of the skin and eyes due to elevated levels of bilirubin in the blood. It is often associated with liver disease, gallbladder disorders, or hemolysis.
2. Juvenile Arthritis
   A type of arthritis that affects children under the age of 16, causing joint pain, swelling, stiffness, and potential long-term damage. It may involve autoimmune factors.
3. Jaw Disorders (TMJ)
   Temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disorders affect the jaw joint and surrounding muscles, leading to pain, clicking sounds, and difficulty opening or closing the mouth.
4. Joint Pain
   Discomfort or soreness in one or more joints, caused by conditions like arthritis, injuries, infections, or overuse. Severity and duration vary depending on the cause.
5. Jock Itch
   A fungal infection (tinea cruris) of the skin in the groin area, causing itching, redness, and a ring-shaped rash. It is common in athletes and those who sweat heavily.
6. Juvenile Diabetes
   Also known as Type 1 diabetes, it is an autoimmune condition where the pancreas produces little or no insulin. It typically develops in children and young adults.
7. Japanese Encephalitis
   A mosquito-borne viral infection causing inflammation of the brain. Symptoms range from mild fever and headache to severe neurological issues, including seizures and coma.
8. Jellyfish Stings
   Injury caused by contact with jellyfish tentacles, leading to burning pain, redness, and possible allergic reactions. Severe stings can cause systemic symptoms like difficulty breathing.
9. Jaw Cysts
   Fluid-filled sacs that form in the jawbone or soft tissues of the mouth, often due to infections, impacted teeth, or tumors. Symptoms include swelling, pain, and difficulty chewing.
10. Joint Dislocations
    The displacement of a bone from its normal position in a joint, often caused by trauma or overuse. Symptoms include pain, swelling, and limited mobility. Treatment usually involves repositioning the joint.

1. Laryngitis
   Inflammation of the voice box (larynx), often caused by infections, overuse, or irritants. Symptoms include hoarseness, sore throat, and difficulty speaking.
2. Lupus
   An autoimmune disease where the immune system attacks healthy tissues, leading to symptoms such as joint pain, fatigue, skin rashes, and organ damage.
3. Lyme Disease
   A bacterial infection transmitted through the bite of infected ticks. Symptoms include fever, fatigue, joint pain, and a characteristic "bull's-eye" rash.
4. Lymphedema
   Swelling caused by the accumulation of lymph fluid in the tissues, often due to damage or removal of lymph nodes during cancer treatment.
5. Lung Cancer
   A type of cancer that begins in the lungs, often linked to smoking, exposure to pollutants, or genetic factors. Symptoms include cough, chest pain, and shortness of breath.
6. Liver Disease
   A broad term for conditions that damage the liver, including hepatitis, cirrhosis, and fatty liver disease. Symptoms include jaundice, abdominal pain, and swelling.
7. Low Blood Pressure (Hypotension)
   A condition where blood pressure is lower than normal, potentially causing dizziness, fainting, and fatigue. Severe cases may indicate an underlying issue.
8. Leukemia
   A type of cancer affecting blood-forming tissues, including the bone marrow and lymphatic system. Symptoms include fatigue, frequent infections, and bruising.
9. Low Testosterone
   A condition where the body produces insufficient levels of testosterone, leading to symptoms such as reduced libido, fatigue, depression, and loss of muscle mass. It can be age-related or caused by underlying health issues.
10. Lice Infestation
    A parasitic condition where lice infest the scalp, body, or pubic area, causing intense itching and irritation. It spreads through close contact.